Comprehensive classroom management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comprehensive classroom management plan - Essay Example Philosophical Statement I believe that an effective classroom management puts into consideration the unique individual capability in need of a safe, supportive, and a motivating environment in which to improve socially, emotionally, and intellectually towards building a successful career. It is my wish as a professional educator to assist my students to reach their full potentials by providing the conducive and supportive environment, which encourage the sharing of various classroom and coursework ideas. I expect the students in my classroom to have diversified levels of learning desires in their preferred areas. I feel that a learning community is in a way that the students, teachers and parents, uncover an environment that encourages a positive student-teacher relationship and effective parent-teacher relations. It is my responsibility to ensure that there is no student isolated from accessing equal education in my classroom. Equally significant to students’ self-esteem and self-empowerment is have an opportunity to contribute towards relevant issues in classroom meetings. Scheduling regular classroom meetings helps identify individual student needs fostering confidence and support among students. Inviting students’ dialogue about what affects them and their contributions on the learning process contributes to learning directed towards the students’ needs and interests. I believe group work is a key to a supportive learning process in a classroom. My profession is engrossed to ensuring that individual students potential are nurtured efficiently and provide an environment that encourages talent growth for students academically, socially, and psychologically. I see my role as an educator as ensuring that course content knowledge is transferred to students. Moreover, I am committed cultivating the students’ critical thoughts capabilities by providing the relevant information and will strive towards instilling curiosity among students, which will create a challenging learning environment. Classroom Arrangement General classroom arrangement is as shown in the classroom map below, designed to ensure minimal distractions and a spacious student seating arrangement for ease of movement. On entering the classroom, the first thing the students see the bulletin placed direct situated directly to the entrance. This sets students mind on what to expect for the day such as lecture topic, assignments, and classroom meetings. On the entrance, a tray containing common commodities such as pencil sharpeners whereby students can pick one in case they left their sharpeners home. The carpet on the floor brings a sense of comfort to the students setting a comfortable learning environment (Fraser, 2012). The bags and other student belongings are packed at the back of the classroom to minimize distractions and ease movement. The desks are spacious and easily accessible to all students including those with physical disabilities (Hallah an et al, 2012). Several resources are strategically arranged in the classroom to facilitate studies and research carried by the students. The computers are placed on close to the walls to

Summary of Pontoon A novel of Lake Wobegon Assignment

Summary of Pontoon A novel of Lake Wobegon - Assignment Example This summary assists the author bring out his intention to the reader about how to live and enjoy life. It was after the death of a woman in the community that the plot thickens. Her family is thrown into turmoil as they do not want to go against her death wishes. At the same time, they do not want to anger the community members by carrying out her wishes. Many lessons are brought forth at the woman’s burial. Her best kept secrets are also brought out during the death ceremony. It is through the story that individuals in society are taught the value of living and enjoying life. Also, they are shown the importance grabbing opportunities once they come one’s way (Keillor, 2008). In conclusion, the story has lifelong teachings that can assist any individual identify what they want in life, and how they can set out to achieve their dreams. The author’s character and mannerism of bringing out these lessons makes the book stimulating and riveting. It is critical not to live in fear or regret (Keillor, 2008). This is one vital lesson the author brought out in the novel, making it a must-read for

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Leadership - Assignment Example The leader facilitates the movement towards accomplishing organizational goals. Several types of leadership have been identified over the years, with traditional approaches before the 21st century characterized as â€Å"command and control† styles. From this description, the leader assumes a strict, firm, â€Å"no-questions-asked† stance, with his word considered as the law by his followers. Such an approach is not appropriate anymore in these contemporary times. This essay shall discuss the various leadership models conceptualized by theorists, scholars and researchers as observed in different settings. It will also associate the relevant leadership approaches to a large corporation, RasGas Company Limited in Quatar. â€Å"a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills† (para.3). To a great leader his destination is clear. Thus, he maps out the directions for his members to navigate towards that vision. He works with others on strategies to achieve their goals and not pull the limelight to himself. This is very empowering for his followers, and they develop the needed confidence in their abilities which pushes them to embrace challenges and opportunities. Their leader’s positive influence earns him the respect he deserves, so everyone follows him in the pursuit of a shared mission for the growth and development of their organization (Leithwood & Riehl, 2003). In work environments, leadership may be distinguished from management. Leadership is the provision of direction to the organization, sharing an overview of the plans they share, coming up with organizational standards and making decisions for the welfare of the whole organization. Management, on the other hand, management is concerned

Comprehensive classroom management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comprehensive classroom management plan - Essay Example Philosophical Statement I believe that an effective classroom management puts into consideration the unique individual capability in need of a safe, supportive, and a motivating environment in which to improve socially, emotionally, and intellectually towards building a successful career. It is my wish as a professional educator to assist my students to reach their full potentials by providing the conducive and supportive environment, which encourage the sharing of various classroom and coursework ideas. I expect the students in my classroom to have diversified levels of learning desires in their preferred areas. I feel that a learning community is in a way that the students, teachers and parents, uncover an environment that encourages a positive student-teacher relationship and effective parent-teacher relations. It is my responsibility to ensure that there is no student isolated from accessing equal education in my classroom. Equally significant to students’ self-esteem and self-empowerment is have an opportunity to contribute towards relevant issues in classroom meetings. Scheduling regular classroom meetings helps identify individual student needs fostering confidence and support among students. Inviting students’ dialogue about what affects them and their contributions on the learning process contributes to learning directed towards the students’ needs and interests. I believe group work is a key to a supportive learning process in a classroom. My profession is engrossed to ensuring that individual students potential are nurtured efficiently and provide an environment that encourages talent growth for students academically, socially, and psychologically. I see my role as an educator as ensuring that course content knowledge is transferred to students. Moreover, I am committed cultivating the students’ critical thoughts capabilities by providing the relevant information and will strive towards instilling curiosity among students, which will create a challenging learning environment. Classroom Arrangement General classroom arrangement is as shown in the classroom map below, designed to ensure minimal distractions and a spacious student seating arrangement for ease of movement. On entering the classroom, the first thing the students see the bulletin placed direct situated directly to the entrance. This sets students mind on what to expect for the day such as lecture topic, assignments, and classroom meetings. On the entrance, a tray containing common commodities such as pencil sharpeners whereby students can pick one in case they left their sharpeners home. The carpet on the floor brings a sense of comfort to the students setting a comfortable learning environment (Fraser, 2012). The bags and other student belongings are packed at the back of the classroom to minimize distractions and ease movement. The desks are spacious and easily accessible to all students including those with physical disabilities (Hallah an et al, 2012). Several resources are strategically arranged in the classroom to facilitate studies and research carried by the students. The computers are placed on close to the walls to

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Leadership - Assignment Example The leader facilitates the movement towards accomplishing organizational goals. Several types of leadership have been identified over the years, with traditional approaches before the 21st century characterized as â€Å"command and control† styles. From this description, the leader assumes a strict, firm, â€Å"no-questions-asked† stance, with his word considered as the law by his followers. Such an approach is not appropriate anymore in these contemporary times. This essay shall discuss the various leadership models conceptualized by theorists, scholars and researchers as observed in different settings. It will also associate the relevant leadership approaches to a large corporation, RasGas Company Limited in Quatar. â€Å"a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills† (para.3). To a great leader his destination is clear. Thus, he maps out the directions for his members to navigate towards that vision. He works with others on strategies to achieve their goals and not pull the limelight to himself. This is very empowering for his followers, and they develop the needed confidence in their abilities which pushes them to embrace challenges and opportunities. Their leader’s positive influence earns him the respect he deserves, so everyone follows him in the pursuit of a shared mission for the growth and development of their organization (Leithwood & Riehl, 2003). In work environments, leadership may be distinguished from management. Leadership is the provision of direction to the organization, sharing an overview of the plans they share, coming up with organizational standards and making decisions for the welfare of the whole organization. Management, on the other hand, management is concerned

Howard Gardner and Applications of Multiple Intelligences Essay Example for Free

Howard Gardner and Applications of Multiple Intelligences Essay Gardner believes that there are different ways of solving problems and that there are different ways that intellectual ability is manifested or expressed (Gardner, 1993; 1999). What had been accepted in education in general had been to assess students in terms of their capabilities in Science, Math and Language or Communication (English in written and spoken communication). Gardner expanded this to what he termed as multiple intelligence which introduced the domains with which every individual may possess in whatever degree. These domains include, the logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, linguistic, intra and inter-personal, naturalistic and existential intelligences (Gardner, 1993; 1999). There are evidences that support the theory in terms of the biological and cultural underpinnings such as those done on development focused on children, empirical research from individuals with brain damage and persons with giftedness. The theory has significant implications on both structure and curriculum in the educational setting such as the kind of set up with which the classroom is arranged or the strategies employed in introducing material or assessment of learning (Gardner, 1993; 1999). Problem statement Since Gardner believes that the educational setting at all levels must foster and promote the understanding of multiple intelligences the following pertinent parts of the educational set up involving curriculum and assessment strategies must be changed or reformed (Gardner, 1993; 1999). This research therefore attempts to answer the following problem statements: What is Multiple Intelligences as a framework in school? What is the description of a curriculum in the secondary level (high school) incorporating the Gardner theory? In this framework, how can assessment be done on student learning and overall progress of students? Discussion Nature of the learner in the Secondary Level There are basic observations gathered by experts on the kind of learner expected to enter into the secondary level. Since the concept of Multiple Intelligences by Gardner would be revolutionary even today, when in essence, most institutions of learning already recognized the brilliance and applicability of his position. It would be helpful to have alongside in the direction of this notion, quite important figures and principles that would further make the application of the Gardner framework in the secondary level easier to grasp and more feasible to comprehend. The curriculum would serve to reflect how learners inch their way into the classroom and courses they are about to undertake and to finish. It is always important to start right by understanding how the learner apprehends and appreciates the material, his preparation in terms of physical, emotional, and psychological maturity, and the way these materials or knowledge could be absorbed and thereafter applied at the correct time and place. It was Malcolm Knowles (1978, 1990) and his theory andragogy who emphasized the model of adult learning. The premise is based on his hypothesis that the maturation of an individual into adulthood is manifest when people conduct themselves in adult behavior and consider themselves to be adults. Then they should be dealt with as adults. By adulthood people are self-directing. Knowles taught that adult education was special in a several ways. This will mean that the presence or absence of some significant details will improve or pull down adult learning experience. This implies that knowledgeable background on adults and the developmental characteristics of that particular stage will spell effective or disastrous results. This paper attempts to show the various positive and negative learning environments specifically for adults. Positive Learning Environment include: 1. Adult learners carry with them a vast amount of experience to the learning environment. This means that tuning in to their particular psyche creates a conducive atmosphere for learning; 2. Adults expect on the kind of training they are exposed to and how they are to be educated. Example: Unlike the younger learners where most take on passive role, adults have goals in mind and the learning they receive must fall within those predetermined personal goals; 3. the active involvement of students should be encouraged in planning and implementing educational programs; 4. Adults need to be able to see applications for new learning; 5. Adult learners expect to have a high degree of influence on how learning will be evaluated; 6. Adults expect their responses to be acted upon when asked for feedback on the progress of the program. Andragogy is therefore student-centered, experience-based, problem-oriented and collaborative (Brooks, J 1995). On the other hand, the following can influence adults specifically in the learning experience in an unhelpful way. The Negative Learning Environment includes the fact that: 1. some adults can move toward prescribed educational settings with anxiety and feelings of high or low self-efficacy. Their method to new learning milieus can be prejudiced by how they assess or evaluate the new experience. A case in point: given two adults in a classroom where an exercise is about to begin, one individual may interpret the assignment in such a way that leads to a feeling of excitement, while another individual interprets the task in such a way that leads to the feeling of embarrassment. It is a fact that the way the individual interprets the situation and the consequent emotion that arises, will affect the kind of action the individual is to take (Burns, 1995, p.16). Burns considers that such assessments, together with the labels such as fear or anxiety can direct some learners to psychologically disengage from the source of distress that is the learning experience. Conversely, when coupled with labels such as excitement or challenge the learner is conducted to take measures that focus on the undertaking. With this slant, the abovementioned findings just aptly show how the Multiple Intelligences framework is the better if not best option to amplify what adult learning insights have offered and how the issues are met and addressed. It would seem that the Gardner framework can be both an approach in the arrangement of teacher’s approach to the student’s ease assimilating information and training of skills development; Gardner’s framework serves as assessment tool as well to further check and evaluate status of learning as well as secure its usefulness (i.e., training and knowledge) for a future job (Gardner, 1993; 1999). The curriculum then would appear more like a university level type that can be seen as implementation of several tracks, individualized in nature, with personal advising installed, and students are evaluated on their overall grade point average performance. Personality tests that are primarily geared to measure the Gardner â€Å"traits† are indispensable tools to discovering the possession of either or combinations of the â€Å"intelligences† (Gardner, 1993; 1999). On the course or subject level, students are also handled in individual cases but getting used to the variations will be established in the long run and may no longer be as difficult to implement and follow-up. Evaluation of the student performance and any behavioural changes are pertinent tasks that teachers are to be cognizant of. In this manner, the application of formative and summative assessments would not only be appropriate but timely as well. According to studies on the subject, both summative and formative assessments are employed to provide a very objective result as to the efficiency and efficacies not only of the teacher’s methods. The evaluation itself (i.e., assessment for and of learning) is a vital factor that is found to help the student realize his potentials and attenuate the weaknesses he’s had in the process of learning (Northern Arizona University, 2009). I believe that the methods of evaluating the interventions for the problem cannot be easily applied or even seen/grasped. However, this can only be understood well when applied (hands-on) to a particular school, class, and individual during a certain period like during the first half of a given school year. A detailed lesson plan, or syllabus is part of this tool with specific dates and key result areas to serve as a guide. This way, every student has each given the chance to shine his best and not just be a statistic in an otherwise lopsided contest where no real winners are found but instead disillusionment for failed dreams and succumbing to societal pressures are more common and expected. Reference: Brooks, J (1995) Training and Development Competence: a practical guide Kogan Page, London. Burns, S. (1995) Rapid changes require enhancement of adult learning HRMonthly June, pp 16-17. Knowles, M.S. (1978) The Adult Learner: a Neglected Species 2nd edition, Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division   and Knowles, M.S. 1990 The Adult Learner: a Neglected Species 4th edition, Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: the theory in practice. New York, NY: Basic Books. And Gardner, H. (1999). Multiple approaches to understanding. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models (pp. 69-90). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Northern Arizona University. Formative vs. Summative Evaluation. Retrieved on May 9, (2009), from http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/edtech/etc667/proposal/evaluation/summative_vs._formative.htm

Use Of Light Alloy Materials In Aircraft Construction Engineering Essay

Use Of Light Alloy Materials In Aircraft Construction Engineering Essay Q1. Evaluate and Analyse: The use of light alloy materials in aircraft construction. Aircraft construction involves the use of various alloys including titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy. Titanium alloys are useful in parts of aircraft that need to be of high resistance against heat. This alloy is usually used in turbine engine blades, tail pipe casings, and engine firewalls. The alloy is also preferred more for construction of high speed aircrafts. This alloy has melting point of around 13000 C to 14500 C (Huang, 2004). This alloy is useful for aircrafts that are built for fighting purposes. Cutting of alloys of titanium and magnesium results in generation of; sparking at normal instances. These are not easy to cut down. Therefore, parts of aircraft that need to cut down at any moment in the future, do not make use of these two alloys. Magnesium alloy is best suited for strengthening of brackets all across the aircrafts, turbine engines for compressor casings, piston engines crank cases, and brackets of engine mounting (Anyalebechi, 2005). This alloy melts at a temperature ranging from 7000C to 8000 C and burns at a temperature higher than this (Huang, 2004). Aluminium alloys on the other hand are of quite less melting point and are easy to be cut down. Therefore, these are best suited for aircraft parts that need not be too tough and can be cut down as and when required. Alloys of magnesium are preferably used in construction of aircraft due to their nature of being light weight resulting in cost reduction on consumption of fuel and air pollution. The stiffness and strength of magnesium alloys is quite lower at the temperature of around 1500 C (Greger et al., 2007; Kielbus et al., 2007; Dobrzanski et al., 2007). These characteristics act in favour of the alloy and raise its demand in the construction work of aircrafts. This alloy is highly acceptable due to its strong nature of material ability leading it in favour of the alloy and increased demand of this material to suit the needs of the industry. The use of composites in aircraft construction. Composite materials are quite widely used in todays times for the construction and development of modern aircrafts. Even these can be used to retrofit to aircrafts that become old. The composites are developed by using MMMF (Also called as Man Made Mineral Fibres) to make it a durable and strong material for construction purpose of aircraft. These materials are more used for construction of wheel bay doors, engine cowlings, cabin floors, and control surface. However, these materials are not good for those who locate around the aircraft during wreckage conditions. The material of aircraft at certain instances require good ratio between strength and weight, i.e. the ratio has to be high enough (Anyalebechi, 2005). The nature to fabricate satisfies this need for aircraft construction and development. Bonding materials are used for development of these composite materials. Therefore, these are best suited to prepare majority of parts of an aircraft. Because of this reason, composite materials are in huge demand in present days for construction purpose of normal aircrafts. The materials are also durable and because of this nature of durability, the parts of aircraft suit best for these. However, there are situations when there is the need to cut the material while carrying on the construction work. At such instances it becomes important to make use of these materials for parts that are hard enough to keep the aircraft safe against risk situations. With the change in thermal value of a composite takes place, it generates thermal stress on the body, which is due to the disturbance created. Composites are made up of thin sheets and fibres are stated in lines within the sheet therefore for making use of composite, these shall be in the form of layer (Olsen, 1986). For construction work, aircrafts ends that need to be constructed by moulding material, composites are well suited. One can also manipulate physical properties of the material by introducing some orientations in between the layers of fibre (Olsen, 1986). Analyse/Compare the choice of use made in a b above. For the construction of an aircraft, it becomes important to focus on the quality of material used. The material used shall be of high strength first of all. This is necessary to ensure that the aircraft is strong enough and can stand well. However, there are chances that the aircraft due to this factor becomes quite heavy and in turn requires huge force to fly it due to high degree of stress over its wings. The tensile strength of devices shall be strong enough in aircraft. However, at present times the aircraft construction has migrated towards the use of composites of high strength (Wireless News, 2005). At normal instances, graphite composites are used for construction of aircraft wings, which does offer high degree of strength. The density of these composites too is quite high. Therefore, the composite of this type results in quite a well defined value of strength to weight ratio. Figure 1: Change in coefficient of thermal expansion due to change in temperature. Source: Huang, 2004 From the above we can note how the increase in temperature affects the value of coefficient of thermal expansion for the composites of aluminium alloys. Higher the temperature of surroundings, higher is the risk of melting of material used for construction work. Therefore, it becomes crucial to use materials based on the need, else there can be chances of accidents for these devices. There are always risks of fire and other accidents in the environment for aircraft industry. Alloys and composites are however, not possible to be used alone for the construction of an aircraft. Depending on the requirement, both of these shall be made use of instead of just depending on either of the materials. Therefore, before the construction to take place, it shall be clear enough in mind to know the requirement and basic needs of each of the parts. In this case, the situation becomes favourable for aircraft resulting in production of a strong and safe aircraft. It is noted that composites of graphite outperform the value of metal alloys of common nature for constructing any wing. The strength of graphite composite is higher as compared to that of steel too. The stiffness range is quite varied up to the minimum value of AA6061- T6. Therefore, the composite, on comparing with aluminium, has high stiffness. In addition, these composites can even be stiffer as compared to mild steel. Composite materials are therefore a preferred choice in present times due to their high degree of stiffness and strength. These materials can be used in quite a large number of parts of an aircraft resulting in increased demand for construction work of an aircraft, as compared to that of alloys (Anyalebechi, 2005). Depending on the requirement for construction of any part of the aircraft, it becomes crucial to make use of the material that suits best to the need. Some of the parts of aircraft demand the use of strong material, whereas others do not need high tensile strength. Parts of aircraft such as wings require ability to be safe against high temperature conditions, whereas other parts such as cabin and floor need to be durable enough to make a good quality of aircraft. Therefore, composite materials such as graphite composite are quite suitable for construction of wings while other parts can be made using alloys of aluminium. Q2. Investigate and Evaluate: Why the correct identification of aircraft spare parts is critical to the safety of aircraft. Aircraft carries hundreds of lives at risk in the sky. A minor mistake can result in huge losses of life. Therefore, it becomes quite important to properly evaluate the safety features of aircrafts spare parts. Fire is amongst the most risky hazard against aircrafts, whether they are for military, civil or commercial purpose. Fire while in flight is considered as 4th highest hazard that arises due to accidents in jet aircrafts (Boeing, 2005). This shows the risk of fire as quite notable ones. FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) had argued that if no proper measure is taken and the rate of occurrence of accidents in aircraft taking place due to fire continue at same rate, the increase in demand of air traffic would further increase death due to fire by 4% annually (Federal Aviation Administration, 2006). If no proper measures are taken then the risks are probable to increase more and more. Polymer composites reinforced by fibre are increasingly used in todays scenario and is a serious point of concern, because these composites are more risky against fire. These materials produce heat and smoke, which cause serious damage against livestock. Therefore, it becomes important to properly evaluate the risk features against aircraft and associated fire hazards. Aircraft manufacturing companies take due care for construction of aircrafts with proper safety standards. Aircraft parts at both of its sides may look similar, but there are possibilities that they are a bit different then each other. This can result in high risk of functionality making it unsafe for use. While building an aircraft, it is important to look at each and every part of aircraft and adopt proper measures for pilot testing of finished aircraft. Construction Company for aircraft shall make sure that right parts are used in construction work. Although there are number of parts of aircraft, ones that are safer are preferred ones. Thus, the parts that are durable in nature shall be the better choice for construction. In case, risks due to flaws in aircraft spare parts are not identified at the right time, it may result in huge loss of lives. There is huge sensitivity risk in this industry due to the reason that a minor mistake can be quite dangerous for mankind. For evolutionary stages of construction work, it shall be properly taken care of. There should be testing efforts made for individual units of aircraft, as this strategy can help in finding out the mistakes thoroughly. Studies conducted by Li (1994) long ago also had explored the concept of risk of accidents in aircraft due to one or the other reason in its spare parts. He suggested cohort study as an important method to alloy complete investigation for the aircraft and its associated risks (Li, 1994). Therefore, cohort study shall take place to find out the weaker parts of an aircraft and work towards improvement of these sections. If one finds out any particular region is not of enough potential and strength, steps shall be taken to make it a stronger one with greater tensile strength. At such an instance the use of graphite composite can be a good selection due to high strength of this material. Also the measures shall be taken to find out the sections of aircraft that are prone to creep down or shrink in high temperature conditions. This can further lead to void of wings skin, which is a notable point of worry at all the situations, else there are always the risk of breakage of these materials in the sky due to change in pressure and other conditions of air in that situation. The measures at such instance can lead to a safer stand for the aircraft and therefore would increase the safety of people using these services. Evaluate an example of a safety incident due to incorrect spares. Safety has always been an important point of concern for safety of humanity. People living in this technological era are continuously faced with one or the other risk. There are situations when the aircraft parts are not used properly or there are shortcomings in the quality of spare parts used for construction of an aircraft, which result in huge losses. There are also the situations that involve illegal trade of spare parts that cause danger situations. There has been quite a number of bogus parts usage found in the aircraft industry at various instances. These were fifty two in number during 1991 and increased to more than three hundred by the end of year 1992 (Wolmar, 1993). This represents an increase in risk of aircrafts due to incorrect use of parts for construction work. These faulty parts lead to loss of quality and stiffness of aircraft. Same was the condition that occurred in South West part of USA when The discussion here is done of crash that happened on 10 July 2006 of Fokker Airplane. This F27 plane production had started since year 1955. Initially the development work was done more for less seating capacity of aircrafts. However, with the passage of time, its strength has increased. The company was doing well in its industry though; the accident that took place in July 2006 completely changed the scenario. The aircraft was constructed in the year 1964. The airplane flew successfully on 24th January 1964 for the first time in France. This was then sold to All Nippon AW and then to TAT and then to PIA. The plane served well till 10 July 2006, when the crash happened. This was the crash that changed the perception of individuals towards the airplanes. People had increasingly feared of using this mode of transport due to its associated risks. This accident was 66th in the world for aircraft industry whereas in Pakistan, 8 accidents took place before this (High Court Bar Association, 2011). The aircraft F-27 was quite appreciated in Europe due to its economic benefits, however the materials used in its products increased its inherent defects, resulting in a crash finally in the year 2006. Though the aircraft had served well for quite a long duration, the negative results were finally obtained. The manufacturer of this product had to suffer for bankruptcy due to this accident. Anthon Herman Gerard Company located in Holland was bought to an end finally after the accident. The vendor of this aircraft construction company was working on spare parts that were not approved. Because of this step, the life of individuals had to suffer a lot. Thus, the humanity got endangered due to this mistake. Rapid occurrence of accidents had resulted in numerous accidents in Europe because of which the people protested against aircrafts thereon. This lead to introduction of safer aircrafts with assured quality of construction material used. There had been several problems found in technical operations of the aircrafts. Main issues of concern have always been the use of air safety features and spare parts used in aircraft construction. Therefore it becomes important for engineers constructing aircraft to assure that there is no weak section in the aircraft due to weak quality of materials used. Mentioning the list of important spare parts is not enough, but there shall be due care of the parts used for each of the shelf. This gives greater strength to the aircraft designed. The accident of Fokker aircraft had occurred mainly because of the non usage of genuine spare parts for maintenance and the operations had been carried on by locals instead of using certified engineers and organizations and humanity had to pay for this.